Glass Melting Furnaces Classification
1.Classified according to production capacity
1(1)Includes batch kiln and continuous tank kiln.
1. Crucible Kiln ,the kiln is placed in a kiln, and the ram is melted into a glass of thermal equipment. Its structure mainly includes kiln, sputum, combustion equipment (fire box), heat exchanger, leakage pit, flue and chimney.
8 to 12 cockroaches are placed in the kiln. The batching materials can be added to each of the mashes in 3 to 5 batches. The forming can be carried out after the batch has been melted, clarified and cooled in the crucible. After the forming is completed, the batch is further added in batches to carry out the melting cycle of the next cycle. The melting cycle of the kiln is generally one day and night, from the first feeding to the end of the batch forming. The melting time can also be suitably extended for glass having a higher melting temperature, but this has an effect on the melting, clarification and shaping of other crucibles.
The advantage of the kiln is that compared with the pool kiln, the structure is simple, the construction cost is low, the construction is fast, and it is suitable for rapid production; the melting system is easy to adjust, mechanical stirring can be used; the glass with good uniformity and high quality can be produced; It is adaptable and can be refueled at any time. At the same time, several kinds of glass with similar properties and melting system are melted in different crucibles.
The disadvantages of the kiln are small output, low thermal efficiency, low mechanization, low glass utilization rate, and low production efficiency.
The kiln is suitable for the production of glass with a small number, variety, high quality requirements or special properties.
1(2 ).Pool Kiln The tank kiln is a glass melting furnace that can be operated continuously. The structure mainly includes a melting pool, a cooling pool, a passage, a feeding tank, a regenerator (heat exchanger), a flue and a chimney.
Compared with the kiln, the kiln has the following characteristics: there are obvious hot spots and bubble boundary positions; the feeding and discharging processes are continuous operations; the five stages in the whole glass melting process have obvious distribution areas in the kiln. The kiln has a large area; the plant facilities and power supporting requirements are relatively high; the investment scale is large; it is suitable for the production of single varieties and large batches of products; the thermal efficiency is high; it is conducive to mechanization and automated production; Combustion: Temperature, kiln pressure, liquid level, feeding, etc. can be automatically controlled.
2.Classified by Heat Source
2(1)Divided into flame kiln, electric kiln, flame-electric kiln.
1. Flame kiln The combustion fuel is used as a source of thermal energy. The fuel can be coal, gas, natural gas and heavy oil.
2. Electric kiln (electric furnace) Electric energy is used as the source of thermal energy. According to the method of heat generation and heat transfer to glass, it is divided into three types: electric resistance furnace, electric arc furnace and induction electric furnace.
3. Flame-electric kiln The combustion fuel is the main heat source, and the electric energy is used as the auxiliary heat source.
3.Classification According to Continuity of Melting Process
1 Continuously .the various stages of melting are carried out at the same time and at different parts of the kiln, and the temperature system of the kiln is stable.
2 Intermittent .the various stages of melting are carried out sequentially at the same time in the same part of the kiln, and the temperature system of the kiln is periodically changed.
Classification by flue gas waste heat recovery equipment
1 Regenerative type Recovering the residual heat of flue gas according to the heat storage method, preheating the air or generating furnace gas, the preheating temperature is 900~1200°C, the thermal efficiency is 25%~35%, there must be reversing equipment, and the temperature fluctuates.
2 heat exchange type According to the heat exchange method, the residual heat of flue gas is recovered, the heat transfer is stable, the flame is not reversed, the operation is stable, the temperature in the kiln is stable, but the heat exchanger is easy to leak, the air preheating reaches 700-900 ℃, metal heat exchange The device is below 600 ℃.
4.
Classified According to Flow Direction of Flame in the kiln
1 Cross-fire The flame in the kiln is horizontally flowing perpendicular to the flow direction of the glass liquid, and there are 2 or more small furnaces.
2 Horseshoe Flame The flame in the kiln flows in a horseshoe shape.
3 Longitudinal flame kiln The flame in the kiln flows longitudinally, parallel to the flow direction of the glass liquid, generally in the forward flow type and also in the counter flow type.
5.Classified by Flame Space Separation
1 No separation The flame space between the melting pool and the working pool is completely connected.
2 Half-separation The flame space is partially separated between the melting pool and the working pool, and has the form of a lattice wall, a dwarf raft, and a hanging wall.
3 Fully separated The flame space between the melting pool and the working pool is completely separated.
6.Classified by Glass Separation
1 fluid pool kiln The melt pool and the working pool are separated by a fluid hole.
2 No-fluid cave kiln The molten glass between the melting pool and the working pool is completely unseparated.
7.Classified by Kiln Scale
1 kiln output
Large kiln (Nissan glass liquid 150t or more), medium kiln (Nissan glass liquid 50~100t), small kiln (Nissan glass liquid less than 50t).
2 melting zone
The melting area of the kiln is more than 60 square meters, the area of the medium kiln is 31-59 square meters, and the area of the small kiln is less than 30 square meters.
8.Classified by Product
1 day kiln
Production of glass bottles, tableware, vacuum bottles, instruments, medical, electric vacuum and other glass products.
2 flat kiln
Production of flat glass, embossed, wire and other architectural glass. Including float glass kiln, glass kiln, flat glass kiln, calendered glass kiln.
